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Telecom & gazeti·ai glossary

Plain-language definitions of the wholesale telecom and gazeti·ai terms used across this site.

A2P SMS: Application-to-Person SMS: text messages sent from a business platform to end users, such as one-time passwords (OTP), alerts and notifications. A2P traffic is delivered over wholesale carrier routes, usually via SMPP or a REST API.
P2P SMS: Person-to-Person SMS: messages between individual mobile users. In wholesale, P2P refers to routes and pricing for person-originated traffic, as opposed to A2P application traffic.
SMPP: Short Message Peer-to-Peer: the standard protocol for exchanging SMS between an application and the operator network. SMPP 3.4 with dedicated binds is the common way aggregators connect to a wholesale SMS provider.
DLR: Delivery Receipt: a real-time status returned for each SMS — delivered, failed or expired. DLRs let senders measure delivery rate per route, which is critical for time-sensitive traffic like OTPs.
Sender ID: The identifier shown as the sender of an SMS: a short code, a virtual long number (VLN) or an alphanumeric name. Which types are available depends on the destination country and operator rules.
SIP: Session Initiation Protocol: the signaling protocol used to set up and end voice (VoIP) calls over IP. Carriers exchange voice traffic over SIP, authenticated by IP address or by registration.
SIP Trunking: A SIP connection linking a customer's PBX or platform to the carrier network to make and receive calls, replacing legacy phone lines. It is often delivered white-label as part of UCaaS.
DID: Direct Inward Dialing: a phone number that routes calls to a specific line or platform. Carriers provision and port DIDs so businesses can receive calls on local or national numbers.
VoIP termination: A wholesale, carrier-to-carrier service that takes voice traffic over SIP and delivers (terminates) it on the destination operator's network.
MVNO / MVNE: A Mobile Virtual Network Operator (MVNO) sells mobile services under its own brand without owning the full network. A Mobile Virtual Network Enabler (MVNE) builds and runs the platform an MVNO needs to launch.
IFT concession: A telecom license granted by Mexico's Instituto Federal de Telecomunicaciones (IFT) authorizing a company to operate as a carrier. Gazeti holds an IFT single concession (folio FET104842CO-522709).
UCaaS: Unified Communications as a Service: a cloud platform that delivers voice, PBX, numbers and collaboration as a service. White-label UCaaS lets a partner offer it under their own brand.